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Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 84
RAID 5 Arrays
A RAID 5 array is built from a minimum of three and a maximum of
sixteen disk drives, and uses data striping and parity (see below) data to
provide redundancy. Parity data provides data protection, and striping
improves performance.
Parity data is an error-correcting redundancy that’s used to re-create
data if a disk drive fails. In RAID 5 arrays, parity data (represented by Ps
in the example below) is striped evenly across the disk drives with the
stored data.
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the
array. For instance, an array with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400
GB disk drives can contain 750 GB of stored data and 250 GB of parity
data, as shown below.
In the example above, P represents the distributed parity data.
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
250 GB
250 GB
400 GB
400 GB
D
isk Drives in Logical Drive
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
RAID 5 Logical Drive = 750 GB plus Parity
1
2
3
P
Not Used
Not Used
4
5
P
6 750
749
748
P...
...
...
...
Unused Space: 150 G
B
Unused Space: 150 G
B
Drive Segment Size (Smallest Disk Drive)
- SAS, SATA, and SCSI 1
- RAID Controllers 1
- Copyright 2
- Trademarks 2
- Disclaimer 2
- Adaptec Customer Support 3
- Canadian Compliance Statement 6
- Contents 7
- 6 Creating a Bootable Array 8
- 9 Managing Your Storage Space 9
- 10 Solving Problems 9
- B Understanding RAID 10
- D Using the ACU for DOS 11
- F Safety Information 11
- G Technical Specifications 11
- About This Guide 12
- How to Find More Information 14
- Kit Contents and 15
- System Requirements 15
- Kit Contents 16
- About Your RAID 18
- Controller 18
- Array-level Features 19
- Adding Enhanced Features 20
- RAID Controller Battery Model 21
- About the Adaptec 4000SAS 22
- About the Adaptec 4800SAS 23
- About the Adaptec 4805SAS 24
- About the Adaptec 2420SA 25
- About the Adaptec 2820SA 26
- About the Adaptec 2130SLP 27
- 30 (15 per channel) 28
- Choosing a RAID Level 30
- Selecting Disk Drives 31
- SAS Cables 32
- SATA Cables 33
- SCSI Cables 33
- Installation Options 34
- Basic Installation Steps 34
- Installing the Controller 35
- Before You Begin 36
- Controllers 38
- SATA disk drives attached to 39
- Next Steps 42
- Creating a Bootable 43
- Setting the Boot Controller 44
- Creating an Array 44
- Making Your Array Bootable 49
- Installing the Driver and 50
- Creating a Driver Disk 51
- Installing with Windows 52
- Installing with Red Hat Linux 53
- Installing with SuSE Linux 53
- Installing with NetWare 54
- Installing the Driver on an 56
- Existing Operating System 56
- Installing on Windows 58
- Installing on NetWare 59
- Managing Your Storage 60
- About Adaptec Storage Manager 61
- Configuration Utility 62
- Which Utility Should I Use? 63
- Solving Problems 64
- Troubleshooting Checklist 65
- Silencing the Alarm 66
- Resetting the Controller 68
- Introduction to Serial 70
- Attached SCSI (SAS) 70
- What is SAS? 71
- What’s a Phy? 72
- What’s a SAS Port? 73
- What’s a SAS Address? 73
- What’s a SAS Connector? 74
- What do SAS Cables Look Like? 75
- Direct-attach Connections 76
- Backplane Connections 76
- SAS Expander Connections 77
- Understanding RAID 79
- Understanding Drive Segments 80
- RAID 0 (Non-RAID Arrays) 80
- RAID 1 Arrays 81
- RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays 82
- RAID 10 Arrays 83
- RAID 5 Arrays 84
- RAID 5EE Arrays 85
- RAID 50 Arrays 86
- RAID 6 Arrays 87
- RAID 60 Arrays 88
- Selecting the Best RAID Level 89
- Using the Adaptec RAID 90
- Controller Utility 90
- Creating a New Array 92
- Managing Existing Arrays 92
- Initializing Disk Drives 93
- Rescanning Disk Drives 93
- Secure Erasing Disk Drives 94
- Opening a -Select Utility 95
- Applying Changes and Exiting 95
- General Controller Settings 96
- Option Description 97
- Viewing the Event Log 100
- Using the ACU for DOS 101
- Getting Started 102
- Running the ACU Using Scripts 103
- About Playback Mode 104
- About Record Mode 104
- Required 105
- ? Description 105
- ● Yes—Initialize all drives 107
- ● No—Disable read caching 108
- Maximum (the 109
- ● No—Disable the write cache 110
- Keyword Description 111
- ACU Error Codes 112
- Sample Scripts 113
- =Adaptec 114
- Using the Adaptec Flash 115
- (for example 116
- Obtaining the Firmware 116
- AFU with no arguments 117
- 4 Select Select an Operation 118
- AFU LIST 119
- AFU Commands 119
- UPDATE /C 0 123
- UPDATE /C 0, 2, 3 123
- Safety Information 125
- Technical Specifications 126
- Environmental Specifications 127
- DC Power Requirements 127
- Current Requirements 127
- Adaptec, Inc 134
- 691 South Milpitas Boulevard 134
- Milpitas, CA 95035 USA 134
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